Latest and also increasingly popular source of light is the LED lighting. This technology recently grows up what can be seen in mounting number of products based on LED diodes.
LED diode was founded by Nick Holonyak Jr. who developed it and started to produce it in the sixties of the 20th century. Receiving light from LED diodes is related to electroluminescence effect which was discovered in first half of the 20th century. Stream of light develops as a result of applying direct voltage to the diode and passing current through it.
LED diodes ( Light Emitting Diodes ) are fourth generation sources of light called Solid State Lighting. Electroluminescent diode is a device that can turn electricity to light by changing the electrons energy being in field of semiconductor junction. When electron appears in the area of semiconductor it’s grabbed by atom with electron deficiency and brought on level of low energy. During this process electron gives back an excess of energy and emits photon (light). Thanks to proper diode design light emitted during the recombination can be led outside. LED diode is the first source that can generate light in concrete color straight away. It’s not impossible in the event of other sources that need imperfect filters to do this.
First LED diodes production started in the sixties of the last century. Currently it’s very advanced and recently developed technology. The best example of that is growth of diodes parameters and newer types of it. There is a few basic LED diode types used in lighting at the moment:
- DIP diode called “round” – occur in many sizes and has narrow angle of light,
- SMD diode – the most popular sizes are: 3528 i 5050. It has wide angle of light and it’s more efficient than DIP diode,
- PowerLED diode – occur in many sizes and has wide angle of light.
An important attribute of LED diodes is possibility to obtain large number of light shades that allows you to comprehensive use. Color and intensity depends on chemical composition and design of semiconductor junction. We classify three basic colors:
- warm white 2000 – 3000K,
- daylight white 4000 – 5000K,
- cold white 6000 – 7000K.
For a very long time using the LED diodes was limited to signalling function. In 2007 for the first time world introduced diodes with efficiency of 70lm/W and higher which qualify for common use. At the moment LED diodes can be used in:
- street, house and industry lighting,
- car industry,
- medicine (chromotherapy – treatment with chromatic light),
- decorative lighting ,
- advertising lighting ,
- portable lighting,
- architectural lighting (illumination),
- stage / scenic lighting etc.
LED technology development is going to common use of LED diodes as source of light which can be called CHAIN REACTION can’t be stopped.
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